Character Modeling	The Elbows
by Stefan Henry-Biskup Gamasutra November 13, 1998 Vol. 2, Issue 45	Introduction Case Study: Jack Nichoolas 5 What's A character sheet? Deconstructing the body Creating the Pelvis The Spine The Shoulders The Elbows The Knee As Tools Evolve, Concepts Remain Valid Figure 12: The elbows. Note that the elbow sits to the rear of the arm mass (Figure 12B). As with the shoulder, this close proximity of the joint to the surface is essential to keeping the elbow from looking too soft or bulging unrealistically. The elbow is a little tricky, and its location in the arm is deceiving. I used to think it was located above the bulge of the forearm, like the relation of the knee to the calf. But in fact, the bulge of the forearm encompasses the joint. Note that the joint actually represents the meeting of three bones, not two. At the elbow, the ulna is the primary bone of the forearm pair to which to pay attention. The characteristic point that you see at the outside of your elbow when it's bent, caused by the meeting of the humerus and ulna, is actually not the respective ends of those bones. In fact, the humerus is connected to the ulna just below the end of the latter bone, causing the ulna to cantilever outward when bent and create this point (Figure 12C). In your model, this is a matter of defining the attachments correctly.
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