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Following are some highlights of
the major Apple II systems released in the United States:
1977: The Apple II initially included
4KB RAM, a four color (later six color) display, built-in Integer BASIC,
two game paddles, and one demo cassette. It was also available pre-assembled
or in kit form. The following year, the Disk II 5.25" floppy disk
drive was introduced, giving the platform a considerable lead against
its rivals.
1979: The Apple II+ included 48KB RAM,
six-color display, and a new BASIC from Microsoft, which established
critical base specifications for the computer line. It was also at this
time that Apple allowed media equipment specialist Bell & Howell
to make the only authorized clone, a black Apple II+ that had special
audio/video ports and a case accessible only with a screwdriver. This
special Apple II+ was targeted at schools, where Apple hoped to firmly
establish their platform.
1980: The mostly incompatible and expensive
Apple III business system was released, but failed to catch on.
1983: The Apple IIe, Apple's most successful
II-series system, included 64KB RAM and the vital ability to display
both upper and lowercase characters. It eventually shipped with both
DOS 3.3 and the newer ProDOS. The last IIe variation, known as the Platinum
because of the color of its case, included a numeric keypad and several
minor enhancements, and was manufactured into the early 1990s. This
same year, the $10,000 next-generation Apple Lisa business system was
introduced, but was unsuccessful.
1984: The compact Apple IIc was introduced
with 128KB RAM and a built-in 5.25" floppy drive. The IIc+ was
introduced in 1988 with a 4 MHz (versus 1.4 MHz) processor, high-capacity
RAM expansion option, and an 800KB 3.5" internal disk drive, with
the same capacity as the Apple IIgs. The first Apple Macintosh was released
the same year.
1986: Apple released the 16-bit Apple
IIgs, the true backwards compatible successor to the original 8-bit
II-series of computers. Although Apple was built on the back of the
II-series, within a few years the Macintosh began to receive most of
the company's attention and resources.
Despite the famous proclamation of
"Apple II Forever" during a 1984 event to unveil the Apple
IIc, "forever" ended about 10 years later when Apple committed
themselves exclusively to the Macintosh. Nevertheless, for technology
with roots as far back as 1976, the Apple II series of computers had
an amazing run.
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The beauty of the simple platform is that it is very easy to find a good emulator and re-live one of the games whenever you want. Who would think they'd get teary-eyed from playing a round of Where in the World is Carmen San Diego.
Gah! I feel a bout of nostalgia coming on!
I also started learning 6502 assembly on the Apple.
I learned how to program back in 1980 by pressing CTRL-C in the original California Pacific Computing polybagged release of Ultima and literally listing out the Integer Basic code. From there, it was on to FORTRAN and 6502 Assembly. And learning about sector editing, creating disk images and distributing games on local BBS systems...
I'm truly thankful my parents purchased one at the price adjusted for 2008 dollars of US$4,144.50. There was no better instructor for computer programming and modern PC design than that original Apple ][.
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